The concept of synthesizing life has been around for quite a while in scientific--and science fiction--literature, but only in the past 5 years have rapid advances in DNA synthesis techniques allowed the field to crystallize. As a consequence of its promise for elucidating basic science and its huge potential for meeting pressing human needs, the nascent field is growing as universities, funding agencies, and national governments pour money into new research centers, research networks, and conferences.
The field offers many opportunities for early-career scientists--as long as they are prepared to abandon doctrine for a more open-minded approach to doing science. The field is so new that its definition is not yet set in stone. Plenty of space remains for biologists, engineers, chemists, physicists, mathematicians, computer scientists--even philosophers--to help define the field. In synthetic biology you can still be a pioneer.
So where exactly are the opportunities, and how do you embark? Getting Ready for Synthetic Biology [1] provides an overview of the current state of the field and some tips on how to gain the skills you'll need.
Although the range of projects tackled under the umbrella of synthetic biology is vast, dedicated training programs remain rare, so most--or at least many--scientists find their own way in. In A Multidisciplinary Approach to Life [2] a microbiologist, a mechanical engineer, and a chemist tell Science Careers how they got into the field.
In our Science Careers podcast [3] (mp3), produced by Contributing Editor Kate Travis, you can hear firsthand from three synthetic biologists: a mechanical engineer who participated in the international Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition, a computer scientist at Nottingham University in the United Kingdom, and a senior biologist at the J. Craig Venter Institute in Rockville, Maryland.
Finally, to complete this introduction to synthetic biology, here's a (nonexhaustive) list of further resources:
Caroline Ajo-Franklin [4] of the Biological Nanostructures Facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
Frances Arnold [5] of the Chemical Engineering Division at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Angela Belcher [6] of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Steven Benner [7] at the Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution in Florida
Michelle Chang [8] of the Department of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley)
Irene Chen [9] at the FAS Center for Systems Biology at Harvard University
Jason Chin [10] of the Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division at Cambridge University
James Collins [11] of the Biomedical Engineering Department at Boston University
Antoine Danchin [12] of the Genetics of Bacterial Genomes Unit at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France
Victor de Lorenzo [13] at the Spanish National Center of Biotechnology in Madrid
Michael Elowitz [14] of the Division of Biology at Caltech
Drew Endy [15] of the Department of Bioengineering at Stanford University
John Glass [16] of the J. Craig Venter Institute
Alfonso Jaramillo [17] of the Biochemistry Laboratory at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris, France
Kristala Jones Prather [18] of the Department of Chemical Engineering at MIT
Jay Keasling [19] at the Joint BioEnergy Institute in California
Richard Kitney [20] of the Department of Bioengineering at the Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine in London, the United Kingdom
Thomas Knight [21] of the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT
Tanja Kortemme [22] of the Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
Natalio Krasnoger [23] of the School of Computer Science at the University of Nottingham, the United Kingdom.
Xiaoxia Lin [24] of the Chemical Engineering Department at the University of Michigan
Pier Luigi Luisi [25] of the Roma Tre University in Italy
Andrs Moya [26] of the Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology in Valencia, Spain
Radhika Nagpal [27] of the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Harvard University
Sven Panke [28] , at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich
Daphne Preuss [29] of the Division of Biological Sciences at the University of Chicago
Randy Rettberg [30] of the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT
Peter Schultz [31] at the Scripps Research Institute in California
Petra Schwille [32] at the Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) of the Technische Universität Dresden in Germany
Luis Serrano [33] of the Center for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona, Spain
Pam Silver [34] of the Department of Systems Biology at Harvard Medical School
Hamilton Smith [35] of the J. Craig Venter Institute in Maryland
Christina Smolke [36] of the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at Caltech
Jingdong Tian [37] of the Biomedical Engineering Department at Duke University
Alfonso Valencia [38] of the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre in Madrid
Christopher Voigt [39] of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry at UCSF
Updated: 23 October 2008
The Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center [40] (SynBERC), a multi-institution initiative in California
The Berkeley Centre for Synthetic Biology [41]
The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering [42] at Harvard University
The Joint BioEnergy Institute [43] in Emeryville, California
The J. Craig Venter Institute [44] in Rockville, Maryland
The Centre for Synthetic Biology [45] at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands
Imperial College London's Institute of Systems and Synthetic Biology [46]
The BioBricks Foundation [47] (BBF)
The syntheticbiology.org [48] community
SyntheticBiology.net [49]
The Club de biologie synthtique et systmique [50] (SynBioSys) in the Paris region
The European Commission 18 FP6 research and policy networks [51] in synthetic biology in Europe
FP7-funded TARPOL [52] (Targeting environmental pollution with engineered microbial systems à la carte) consortium
Seven [53] synthetic biology research networks in the United Kingdom
The Industry Association of Synthetic Biology [54] (IASB)
The international Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM [55]) competition
Courses offered by SynBERC [56]
A list of courses worldwide [57]
BioBuilder.org [58]: A fun crash course in the fundamentals of synthetic biology
A UK-funded review on Synthetic Biology: Social and Ethical challenges [59]
Synthetic Biology: Caught between Property Rights, the Public Domain, and the Commons [60] in PLoS Biology
Do We Need "Synthetic Bioethics" [61] in Science
Synthetic Biology: Promises and Challenges in Nature [62]
Synthetic biology: new engineering rules for an emerging discipline [63] in Molecular Systems Biology
Synthetic Biology x.0 [64] (this year's Synthetic Biology 4.0 [65] closed its doors earlier this week but watch that space)
Synthetic Biology Workshop [66] at the Centre for Synthetic Biology in the Netherlands on 6-8 November 2008
Systems and Synthetic Biology: Scientific and Social Implications conference [67] at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Heidelberg, Germany, on 7-8 November 2008
The Second European Conference on Synthetic Biology [68] in Saint Feliu, Spain on 20 March-3 April 2009
BioSysBio Conference [69] in synthetic biology, systems biology, and bioinformatics at Cambridge University, on 23-25 March 2009
Advances in Synthetic Biology [70] conference in London, 28-29 April 2009
Foundation of Systems Biology in Engineering (FOSBE) [71] in Denver, Colorado, on 9-12 August 2009
Synthetic Biology: Building on Nature's Inspiration [72] in Irvine, California, on 18-21 November 2009
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Elisabeth Pain is contributing editor for South and West Europe. |
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Links:
[1] http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/career_magazine/previous_issues/articles/2008_10_17/caredit.a0800152
[2] http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/career_magazine/previous_issues/articles/2008_10_17/caredit.a0800153
[3] http://podcasts.aaas.org/science_careers/ScienceCareers_081017.mp3
[4] http://molecularfoundry.lbl.gov/people/tmf_scientist_ajo_franklin.html
[5] http://www.che.caltech.edu/faculty/arnold_f/index.html
[6] http://dmse.mit.edu/faculty/faculty/belcher/
[7] http://www.ffame.org/people/sbenner.html
[8] http://chem.berkeley.edu/faculty/chang_m/index.html
[9] http://sysbio.harvard.edu/csb/research/chen.html
[10] http://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/PNAC/Chin_J/
[11] http://www.bu.edu/abl/
[12] http://www.pasteur.fr/recherche/unites/REG/home.shtml
[13] http://www.cnb.csic.es/%7Ememl/
[14] http://www.elowitz.caltech.edu/
[15] http://openwetware.org/wiki/Endy:Contact
[16] http://www.jcvi.org/cms/about/bios/jglass/
[17] http://www.enseignement.polytechnique.fr/profs/biochimie/Alfonso.Jaramillo/
[18] http://web.mit.edu/cheme/people/faculty/prather.html
[19] http://keaslinglab.lbl.gov/wiki/index.php/Main_Page
[20] http://www.bg.ic.ac.uk/staff/rikitney/
[21] http://openwetware.org/wiki/Knight
[22] http://bps.ucsf.edu/pspg/faculty/pages/kortemme.html
[23] http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~nxk/
[24] http://www.engin.umich.edu/dept/cheme/people/linx.html
[25] http://www.plluisi.org/index.html
[26] http://www.uv.es/cavanilles/personal/Andres_Moya/
[27] http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~rad/
[28] http://www.ipe.ethz.ch/laboratories/bpl/people/panke/bio
[29] http://preuss.bsd.uchicago.edu/index3.html?content=people/people.html
[30] http://www.csail.mit.edu/people/886
[31] http://schultz.scripps.edu/personnel.asp
[32] http://www.biotec.tu-dresden.de/cms/index.php?id=162
[33] http://pasteur.crg.es/portal/page/portal/Internet/02_Research/01_Programmes/06_Systems_Biology/01_Design_of_Biological_Systems
[34] http://silver.med.harvard.edu/
[35] http://www.jcvi.org/cms/about/bios/hsmith/
[36] http://www.che.caltech.edu/faculty/smolke_c/index.html
[37] http://fds.duke.edu/db/pratt/BME/faculty/jtian
[38] http://www.cnio.es/es/grupos/plantillas/presentacion.asp?grupo=50004294
[39] http://www.voigtlab.ucsf.edu/
[40] http://www.synberc.org/
[41] http://qb3.org/bcsb.htm
[42] http://hibie.harvard.edu/
[43] http://jbei.lbl.gov/
[44] http://www.jcvi.org/
[45] http://www.centreforsyntheticbiology.eu/
[46] http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/systemsbiology
[47] http://bbf.openwetware.org/
[48] http://syntheticbiology.org/
[49] http://www.syntheticbiology.net/
[50] http://biosynthetique.free.fr/index.php5?title=Accueil
[51] ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/nest/docs/5-nest-synthetic-080507.pdf
[52] http://gydb.uv.es/tarpol/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=2
[53] http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/publications/corporate/synthetic_biology.pdf
[54] http://www.ia-sb.eu/
[55] http://www.igem2006.com/index.htm
[56] http://www.synberc.org/education/courses.htm
[57] http://openwetware.org/wiki/Courses
[58] http://www.biobuilder.org/
[59] http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/organisation/policies/reviews/scientific_areas/0806_synthetic_biology.pdf
[60] http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0050058
[61] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/321/5895/1449
[62] http://www.nature.com/msb/journal/v3/n1/full/msb4100202.html
[63] http://www.nature.com/msb/journal/v2/n1/full/msb4100073.html
[64] http://sb4.biobricks.org/series/
[65] http://sb4.biobricks.org/
[66] http://www.tessy-europe.eu/public_docs/Announcement%20Synthetic%20Biology%20Workshop%20November2008.pdf
[67] http://www.embl.org/aboutus/sciencesociety/conferences/2008/programme.html
[68] http://www.esf.org/activities/esf-conferences/details/2009/confdetail294.html?conf=294&year=2009
[69] http://conferences.theiet.org/biosysbio/
[70] http://www.selectbiosciences.com/conferences/ASB2009/
[71] http://www.fosbe.org/
[72] http://www.keckfutures.org/site/PageServer?pagename=Upcoming_Conferences_Synthetic_Biology_2009